J Bone Miner Res:口服维生素D3对纯母乳喂养新生儿的影响

2022-03-03 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

维生素D可促进肠道钙磷吸收,促进骨矿物质代谢。该研究表明在纯母乳喂养的婴儿中,从10天开始口服400IU/d的维生素D3可以增加4月龄时25(OH)D的浓度,但不影响骨矿化。

     维生素D是一种脂溶性类固醇激素,可促进肠道钙磷吸收,促进骨矿物质代谢。维生素D对人类健康起着重要作用,但维生素D缺乏症在儿童和成人中都很常见。如果没有足够的钙磷产物(血清钙的值乘以血清磷的值),胶原基质的矿化就会减少,导致儿童出现佝偻病和成人出现骨软化症的典型症状。母乳喂养的好处是毋庸置疑的,因为母乳几乎包含了婴儿正常生长所需的几乎所有营养物质。母乳喂养的好处是毋庸置疑的,因为母乳几乎包含了婴儿正常生长所需的几乎所有营养物质。尽管母乳有许多好处,但新出现的报告显示,长时间或完全母乳喂养与某些营养疾病有关,如维生素D缺乏症。婴儿经常没有足够的阳光照射,无法支持皮肤产生足够的维生素D。因此,纯母乳喂养的婴儿尤其面临维生素D缺乏的风险,因为母乳中维生素D的含量是有限的。此外,怀孕期间母亲的维生素D水平较低,进一步增加了婴儿缺乏维生素D的风险。

    然而,目前尚无研究评估母乳喂养婴儿每日口服400IU维生素D的营养状况及骨矿化效应。因此,我们进行了一项前瞻性、随机、双盲对照试验,以调查口服维生素D3对纯母乳喂养新生儿的影响。

    本研究旨在评估孕妇及其新生儿的维生素D状况及母乳喂养婴儿每日口服400IU维生素D3的效果。

    测定孕妇及其新生儿血清25-羟基维生素D(25[OH]D)水平。母乳喂养的新生儿在出生10天时被随机分成两种方案中的一种。一组接受每日400IU的维生素D3补充剂(VD-400组),而安慰剂组接受不含维生素D3的液体产品。结果在4个月大时进行评估。共有92名孕妇和她们的婴儿参加了研究,并对72名婴儿(VD-400组37名,安慰剂组35名)在4个月大时完成研究的数据进行了评估。结果显示,15.2%的母亲在分娩前严重缺乏维生素D,而54.3%的母亲患有严重的维生素D缺乏。此外,15.2%的新生儿在出生时就出现了严重的维生素D缺乏,而52.2%的新生儿出现了维生素D缺乏。母亲维生素D水平与婴儿出生时维生素D水平显著相关(r=0.816,p<0.001)。在4个月龄时,体重、头围、血清25(OH)D、磷和完整甲状旁腺激素水平在VD-400组和安慰剂组之间有显著差异。然而,两组的体长和骨密度没有显著差异。不管是否补充维生素D,严重缺乏维生素D的参与者的完整甲状旁腺激素水平明显较高,而骨矿物质含量较低。

表1.婴儿出生时25(OH)D水平与维生素D相关参数的相关性

图2.孕妇和婴儿25-羟基维生素D(25[OH]D)水平之间的相关性(ng/mL)。孕妇于分娩前测定血清25(OH)D水平,新生儿于出生第1天检测其血清25(OH)D水平。

表3.母婴基线特征

图3。4个月大婴儿血清25(OH)D与iPTH的相关性。

    总之,在纯母乳喂养的婴儿中,从10天开始口服400IU/d的维生素D3可以增加4月龄时25(OH)D的浓度,但不影响骨矿化。

文献来源:Lin CH,  Lin CY,  Sung YH, Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Exclusively Breastfed Newborns: Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.J Bone Miner Res 2022 Feb 05; 

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    2022-07-15 ms1948154235210413

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