肥厚型心肌病诊断流程中两种遗传策略的比较:对法布里病或转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性诊断的影响

2025-06-17 田医生 MedSci原创 发表于上海

对于疑似法布里病或ATTR的患者,基于临床警示信号的靶向基因测序策略不仅更为高效、快速和经济,而且能够有效促进早期诊断和治疗,从而改善患者的预后。

肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种以左心室壁增厚为主要特征的心脏疾病,但其确切病因多样,包括法布里病和遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变性(ATTR)。这两种罕见病虽有特异性治疗方法,但往往面临诊断延迟的问题。随着新一代测序技术(NGS)的发展,能够同时对多个已知与HCM相关的基因进行测序成为可能,然而针对特定警示信号的靶向测序策略可能具有优势。

国外研究团队对比了两种基因检测策略——基于临床警示信号进行靶向测序和不考虑基因优先级的大规模多基因面板分——在诊断肥厚型心肌病中的效率、成本效益及时间消耗。

研究人员收集了来自法国十个中心的341名HCM患者的数据,其中包括两组:一组(n=42)通过详细临床分析后高度怀疑为ATTR或法布里病,进行了GLA或TTR基因的靶向Sanger测序;另一组(n=299)没有进行临床选择,直接接受包含107个心脏相关基因的NGS多基因面板分析。研究评估了这两种策略在识别致病变异/可能致病变异(P/LP)上的效率、所需时间以及成本。

研究发现,在第一组中,P/LP变异的检出率为28.6%(12/42),而在第二组中仅为1.0%(3/299),差异显著(P<0.01)。此外,靶向分析所需时间明显更短(中位数26天 vs 193.5天,P<0.01),且成本更低(TTR或GLA靶向分析分别为615.60欧元或769.50欧元,而多基因面板分析为1503.90欧元)。

研究表明,虽然两种分子策略对于识别TTR和GLA基因中的P/LP变异都是有用的,但基于临床警示信号的靶向基因测试能更高效地识别因果突变,并更快、更经济地获得结果。这表明仔细的临床分析对于指导分子诊断策略至关重要,可以减少诊断过程中的不确定性并加速适当治疗的提供。尽管NGS策略允许同时分析大多数与HCM相关的基因,有助于发现意外的罕见原因,但它也增加了未知意义变异的数量,导致需要额外的生物信息学工作并延长了获取最终分子结果的时间。

综上所述,对于疑似法布里病或ATTR的患者,基于临床警示信号的靶向基因测序策略不仅更为高效、快速和经济,而且能够有效促进早期诊断和治疗,从而改善患者的预后。不过,该研究也指出了一些局限性,如靶向测序方法依赖于详细的临床分析和专家知识来推测潜在的原因,但这些知识正在迅速发展。

参考文献:

Palmyre, A., Koraichi, F., Ader, F. et al. Comparison of two genetic strategies for diagnostic work-up of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: impact on the diagnosis of Fabry disease or transthyretin amyloidosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 20, 294 (2025).

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    2025-06-17 ms4000001513304915 来自广东省

    #HCM#肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种以左心室壁增厚为主要特征的心脏疾病,但其确切病因多样,包括法布里病和遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变性(ATTR)。

    0

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    2025-06-17 刘桂林 来自辽宁省

    感谢老师分享的内容

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    2025-06-18 墨子卿 来自河南省

    玛伐凯泰

    0

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    2025-06-18 baiwenxiu_6586 来自山西省

    肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是一种以左心室壁增厚为主要特征的心脏疾病,但其确切病因多样,包括法布里病和遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变性(ATTR)。

    0

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