Diabetes:糖尿病怎么“吃”出来的?胰岛素原错误折叠倾向是饮食诱导糖尿病的遗传风险!

2021-11-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

HFD诱导的β细胞衰竭被认为与糖/脂毒性、β细胞衰老、去分化、转分化或凋亡交替相关。

几个研究小组一直在研究罕见青年糖尿病(MIDY)中β细胞功能障碍和代偿细胞应答的分子机制。有证据表明,只有生物进化才能提供自然变异,“WT”胰岛素原本身能够形成非天然的二硫连接胰岛素原复合物,这与MIDY胰岛素原突变所触发的复合物基本相同。研究者想弄清楚胰岛素原异常折叠的微妙易感性是否可能被忽视,因其可能是饮食诱发糖尿病的关键遗传风险因素。

研究者编码未标记的人胰岛素原- r (B22)E、未标记的人胰岛素原- wt或myc标记的胰岛素原的质粒。所有表达胰岛素原的结构都通过直接DNA测序得到证实。采用ELISA法测定小鼠胰岛素对于体内糖耐量测定,先让小鼠禁食6 h,再腹腔注射葡萄糖(1 g/kg体重),最后尾静脉血糖监测(一触式超血糖仪及检测条)。对于体内葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)测定,分别在基础条件和葡萄糖刺激条件下于t=15分钟时收集血清。采用双尾Student t检验或单因素方差分析后进行多重比较检验(GraphPad Prism 8软件)。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

杂合子(Het)INS2 -原胰岛素- r (B22)E小鼠饲喂正常饲料(NC)或高脂饲料

5.511.5周龄,正常周粮的WT和杂合子Ins2-胰岛素原-RB22E小鼠体重增加,并且如预期的那样,在高脂饮食(HFD)中体重增加更多,基因型之间没有统计学差异(图2A)。5.5周龄的杂合子Ins2-胰岛素原-RB22E小鼠的糖耐量正常(图2B),曲线下区域正常(图2C)。然而,在HFD2周内,雄性杂合子平均随机血糖为350毫克/分升,提示糖尿病发病(图2D)。在11.5周龄时,HFD治疗6周的雄性杂合子明确诊断为糖尿病(无论是空腹高血糖、2小时糖耐量还是曲线下面积),而正常饮食的杂合子小鼠不符合任何糖尿病标准(图2EF)。尽管HFD喂养的雄性杂合子的随机血糖较高,但血清胰岛素并未升高(图2G);事实上,HFD喂养的雄性杂合子的随机血清胰岛素-葡萄糖比率显著降低(图2H)。

总之,胰岛素原错误折叠可能完全是亚临床的,但HFD暴露后会出现显著的病理变化,引发快速胰岛素缺乏。HFD诱导的β细胞衰竭被认为与糖/脂毒性、β细胞衰老、去分化、转分化或凋亡交替相关。本研究并未解决这些替代方案,但强调了胰岛内的异质性,即在疾病进展过程中,胰岛素高/胰岛素原低细胞减少,胰岛素原高/胰岛素原低细胞增加,胰高血糖素阳性细胞增多。

明确地说,这些模型中的数据表明,高血糖症的发展与胰腺胰岛素储存是反平行的(即,新胰岛素分泌颗粒的生物合成不足以取代储存的胰岛素的消耗,而储存的胰岛素用于满足身体的代谢需要)。这里只强调此处确定的所有病理变化都可能由胰岛素原错误折叠的遗传易感性触发。因此,本研究得出结论,胰岛素原错误折叠的易感性是饮食诱导糖尿病的一个重要潜在危险因素。

参考文献:Predisposition to Proinsulin Misfolding as a Genetic Risk to Diet-Induced Diabetes. Maroof AlamAnoop ArunagiriLeena HaatajaMauricio TorresDennis LarkinJohn KapplerNiyun JinPeter Arvan.

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    2022-09-09 ms5439512287675881

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    2022-02-08 baoya

    #胰岛#

    0

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    2021-11-13 docwu2019

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